Family, fabric and stitch

Hi Leah,

Your query regarded work that focused on family cultures, with an interest in stitch. The ideas I’m going to put here look at the two strands. I’m also going to look at fabric as a container of memory, as I think family memories are often embedded in specific fabrics. If you think I’ve gone off on a tangent, don’t worry – take what is meaningful to you, and hopefully some of these artists might spark off further ideas for your own work. Firstly, Ewa Kuryluk, who’s an interesting multi-media artist, who has written a book called The Fabric of Memory. She says that her "work is about images which memory projects onto fabric and which the fabric's folding transforms."

Ewa Kuryluk

Similarly, Rachel Dickson, a graduate from the RCA, and lecturer at Ulster, describes her work as being “concerned withe ideas of memory and circumstance: how we carry our experiences with us, wearing mnoments in time, stained by involvement, sewn into the fabric of our lives' intimate garments, marked and stained, secrets, memories, exposed patterns and construction becoming integral to the recollection, garments too fragile to wear..."


Rachel Dickson

Betty Pepper, a jewellery designer, has produced many pieces that are constructed from fragments of memory, such as The Necklace that Smelled of Yesterday.

The Tate in Liverpool did a relatively small exhibition called Fabric of memory that was concerned with how personal histories can be captured by objects. The curator got locals to lend handmade textiles such as items of clothing, made by, and received from a family member during childhood, with a commentary on its history. (this has been taken from the Tate website) The Fabric of Memory (Tate)

Clothes are inseparable from memory and family events – this is summed up in

Justine Picardie’s : My Mother’s Wedding Dress: The Life and Afterlife of Clothes My Mother's Wedding Dress

Jane McKeating made an embroidered book after her husband left her after decades of living together: How to Sleep in Half a Bed.

A sad use of fabric is the way that mother’s struggling in poverty in the 19thC used to cut a couple of strips of fabric from their baby’s blanket or theirs or their baby’s garment, and place one piece in the record book when they were forced to hand their baby over to a Foundling hospital, and keep the other. If or when they managed to get on their feet, they would return to the hospital, and their piece of fabric would be matched to their child, so that they could be reclaimed. Most of them never were.

Foundling Hospital Fabric Swatches

More macabre, in Mexico, there is the family Day of the Dead celebrations where they honour not only family members who have died, but also their pets, with art, flowers and fruit. From a textiles point of view, they make beautiful cut mats, called petate, that they roll the bodies up in before cremation.

Mexican Petate

On family textiles, the thing that brings families and stitch together is the tradition of quilting. This is particularly strong in America where they have quilting bees. If you’ve not seen it, watch the film, How to Make and American Quilt, which uses the putting together of the quilt as a vehicle to explore the lives, losses and loves in the generations of family and friends creating it. The film is better than the book. How to Make an American Quilt 

There is a lot on the web about families who have made quilts, sometimes over several generations, such as this site that starts with the work of five generations, but then goes on to show the work of other families.

http://www.2sistersquilting.com/pages/QuiltGallery/familyquilts.html

Quilt making and textiles can be very therapeutic. Wendy Golden-Levitt uses textiles as a means of helping children through emotional pain. The following link will take you to an article on her approach. It’s a bit ‘alternative’ in the way she talks about her work – hippy dippy – but the spirit behind it is sound and interesting.Textile Therapy

Photo Therapy (see a previous blog entry for full details) often uses family photo albums, and the client talks about the bonded groups within the pictures. Often you will see certain family members ALWAYS with the same child, or perhaps a child always out on a limb on their own. You can tell a lot about family relationships from family photos.

And then, of course, there are the artists and photographers who have used their families as subjects. Family portraits, whether photographic or on canvas, can also be stitched into, or have fabric added applique/collage style to bring meaning and memory.

I’ll simply list these, as I sense this is not the way your work is developing:

Photographers:

Melanie Manchot photographed her mother naked as she aged. Look at you loving me, from 1995-2001

Sally Mann famously shot her children naked and continued to photograph them as they developed into adults.

Sally Mann

Artists:

Tracy Emin: Her life, family and friends are often worked in stitch in her applique pieces

Victorian artists often depicted families in their narrative paintings, such as Last Day in the Old Home by Martineau

Renoir painted his wife and girls many, many times.

You can find some rather stiff 17^thC Dutch paintings of families, such as the van der Dussen family by Hendrick Conelisz Van Vliet.

Munch painted his sister, as he was frightened of being sexually attracted to a model – with insanity and sickness in the family, he didn’t want to continue the suffering by marrying and having children

Schiele painted his sisters, sometimes naked, leading to charges of incest, but he also painted his longed for family – unfortunately he and his wife both died of flu before the baby was born.

Matisse painted his wife

Whistler painted his mother

Boccioni the Futurist did a number of paintings of his mother, starting with a lively fairly realistic one, but evolving into a more abstract and scary image.

Paula Rego: ‘The Family’ (Above)

Picasso did a number of paintings of his children

Lucien Freud

Stanley Spencer

If I think of anything else, I'll add another post.....





A query from Bethy on Photography Therapy/PhotoTherapy

Hugh Diamond

I am currently going into my final year of BA visual communications specialising in photography. I am researching for my dissertation, I am looking to write about therapeutic art, how effective is it? how does it help people? what artists (with a particular reference to photographers) use therapeutic art etc. I was wondering if there were any books or any forms of reference and research that you could recommend.

Hi Bethy

This is a really interesting topic for a dissertation, and one close to the Fairy Art Mother’s heart! You probably don’t have thousands and thousands of words to play with, so try to narrow your focus. If you look at art therapy in general, your dissertation might become superficial so if you can stick with photo therapy you will achieve a deeper, more rewarding, study – and there is certainly a lot you could explore here.

But to start with, do explore the whole concept of art or creative therapy, so that you can understand the theory behind it. Books by Tessa Dalley, Caroline Case, and Marianne Liebmann should be useful, or the Art Therapy Sourcebook by Cathy Malchiodi.

Bernie Warren's Using the Creative Arts in Therapy is also a good overview of art, drama and music therapy. There have also been some international events that have prompted the use of art in therapy where children have been so traumatised that they can't speak. Visualisation was their only form of communication. Children from Dafur, for example, witnessed the most terrible atrocities, often against their own families, and the children of Beslan, who were held captive, and some shot, by Chechen reblels in Russia.

 

Once you do get down to photo therapy (be careful of the terminology – photo therapy can refer to treating patients with light – NOT what you are looking for!), you could start by looking at the history of the use of photography in psychiatric practice, such as Dr Hugh Diamond, who photographed patients because he believed they would benefit from the interest taken in them, and the way they could look at themselves. (Results were not conclusive) Photography was also used by Duchenne de Boulogne in the Salpetriere hospital in Paris. (There are also sub stories amongst these topics – a great deal of the emphasis was on women, and there has been much written by feminists on what these photos actually say.)

I’ve not been able to find any trace of this book, but if you can, Sander Gilman is a fascinating author: The Face of Madness: Hugh W. Diamond and the Origin of Psychiatric Photography By Sander Gilman

Hugh Diamond: Ophelia

As you come into the modern era, today there are five ways photography is used in therapy:

1. The first is something you could explore yourself – look at family photo albums. Look closely at patterns: do certain family members always sit together? Is there always one member of the family not in the picture, or looking away. Albums tell stories, and are great starting points in therapy, including memory therapy in Alzheimer’s patients.
2. The therapist can work with the client on pictures the client has taken
3. The therapist and client can explore photos of the client
4. Self portraits can be used
5. Selected photos can be used as stimuli – the client is asked to interpret them

Books you could look at include:

Beyond the Smile: Therapeutic Use of the Photograph, by Linda Berman

Phototherapy Techniques: Exploring the Secrets of Personal Snapshots and Family Albums by Judy Weiser

Exploring the self through photography: Activities for use in Group Work by Claire Craig

A key name to look at is, of course, Jo Spence, who used self-portrait photography whilst she suffered from cancer.

The best website to start with is:

http://www.phototherapy-centre.com/home.htm

Depending on where you are studying, you might find art therapy is taught nearby. You could contact the tutor for information, or better still,  undertake a short evening course to get a really personal understanding of creative therapies.  Post grad approved colleges include Sheffield, Goldsmiths, Hertfordshire, Edinburgh, Belfast, Chester, and Derby, shorter programmes and MA components are on offer at Warwickshire College, Leamington Spa, linked to BCU (Margaret Street – the course leader on the MA here is Kate Broom, I believe, but I am not sure if the course is approved by BAAT. The British Association of Art Therapists http://www.baat.org/

You will have difficulties getting examples or art/photo therapeutic work due to the personal nature of the topic. Creative therapies are not recognised as useful practice in some countries, even some close European nations, and some hospitals don’t provide the facilities that would benefit patients. Cost/space/hygiene is always an issue. It is also a very low paid profession, if very rewarding.

Duchenne de Boulogne

Good luck with your research – and if this has been useful, do tell your friends about this site, and get back to me if you get stuck!